Page 87 - New Trends in Green Construction

CLIMATE CONTROL DEMAND ANALYSIS IN A DWELLING WITH PASSIVES STRATEGIES: ENERGY SIMULATION
Patricia Aguilera Benito, Sheila Varela Lujan
Keywords: solar radiation; energy simulation; passive strategies; air conditioning demand; energy efficiency.
1. Introduction
In Spain, the construction sector has a weight of 30% in final energy consumption, distributed in 18.5% in the residential building sector and 12.5% in non-residential buildings (Ministerio de Fomento, 2017). Due to this high percentage, it is interesting to reduce energy consumption and minimizing the carbon footprint. In addition, within the residential sector in the European Union, 24.1% of the population lives in semi-detached houses and 33.3% isolated homes, assuming a total of 57.4% of single-family homes, compared to 42, 6% of multi-family dwellings (Statistics Explained, 2017). In Spain the single-family dwelling is the second building typology built as the first residence (28.2%), considerably increasing its use as a second residence (46.9%) (Ministerio de Fomento, 2014).
In order to undertake measures aimed at optimizing the items with the highest consumption in the residential sector, especially in single-family homes, a detailed study of the different equipment is necessary. The air conditioning installations (heating and cooling) demand the most energy, both in Spain and in the European Union. This consumption in air conditioning is a variable depending on the climatology of the zone, from 43% in Spain, up to 65% in the whole of the European Union. It is also observed that the energy consumption by refrigeration in Spain, in relation to the average of the European Union, is 60% higher. Therefore, within the objectives of decreasing the demand for energy in the building sector, the aim is to reduce the loads for climate control in the residential sector.
2. Methods
In the detailed study of the building, it is very important to take into account the orientation.
In order to quantify the influence of passive strategies, we first look for a base model to work on and an energy simulation tool. Later, the model is analyzed with different passive strategies as the incorporation of passive elements, such as the installation of different types of glass and the installation of different lengths of cantilevers (Zalamea-León & García-Alvarado, 2018), taking into account the orientation of the dwelling.
3. Results and conclusions
In this section, the heating and cooling systems that must be installed in the different simulated models are evaluated.
- Incorporating simple glass with LCS in the East and South facades does not present a significant energy improvement in the heating demand in relation to the original model. In the refrigeration demand, the decrease of the system is of 7.3%. Incorporating double glazing in all orientations and comparing it with a double glass model with LCS in its East and South facades does not mean
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New Trends in Green Construction