Page 48 - New Trends in Green Construction

Circular Economy
3.
in the manufacture of ceramic materials.
- Conform of ceramic test tubes with different percentages increasing the amount of industrial by-product addition, form 0% to 100% with an increasing order of 10%.
- Sinterization of ceramic test tubes to perform its lixiviation, mechanical and colorimetric studies.
- Study of the physical properties of the ceramic materials.
- Study of the colorimetric properties of the different families of tests tubes conformed.
- Study of the mechanical resistance of the different families of test tubes conformed.
- Establishment of a maximum addition limit of the by-products, starting from the previous mechanical and colorimetric tests.
- Study of the lixiviation produced by all the by-products addition percentages conformed inside the ceramic matrix, up to the permissible limit.
- Analysis of the results obtained, establishing possible improvements in the process and determining an informative feedback scheme.
Results and discussion
The monitoring of the detailed methodology, as well as the determinated study, has shown that the analysed by-product shows a high amount of polluted elements that are diluted in water. Furthermore, it has been observed that the addition of the previously mention by-product, to the clay studied to conform the ceramic material, has created a series of decreasing mechanical resistance materials. Nevertheless, it is necessary to emphasise that the conformation of ceramic material was not delimited for its mechanical resistance, but for the colorimetric properties which could be quantified and determined as a result of the colorimetric tests.
Finally, to conclude the present work, the limitation in the by-product addition percentage to the ceramic material for the test tubes conformation and its following lixiviation analysis, shows a drastic decrease of polluted elements for all the possible solutions. That is to say, the most part of diluted polluted elements from by-products are erased, creating a stable material which retains them.
4. Acknowledgments.
The group TEP 222 Materials and Mine Engineering appreciates the assistance provided by the Superior Polytechnic School of Linares, University of Jaen.
5. References
Baino F., Ferraris M. (2019), Production and characterization of ceramic foams derived from vitrified bottom ashes, Materials Letters, Volumne 236 pp 281-284.
Mymrin V., Klitzke W., Alekseev K., Catai R.E., Nagalli A., Izzo R.L., Romano C.A. (2015), Red clay application in the utilization of paper production sludge and scrap glass to fabricate ceramic materials, Applied Clay Science, Volume 107 pp 28-35.
Abreu M.A., Toffoli S.M. (2009), Characterization of a chromium-rich tannery waste and its potential use in ceramics, Ceramics International, Volume 35 Issue 6 pp 2225-2234.
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